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Knowledge Hub

Game Development

One hub for building games: engines and frameworks, graphics APIs, physics, audio and art tools, multiplayer back ends, AI, publishing and learning resources. Grouped by role, not ranked.

89 topics•10 categories•Updated October 2026

How to Read the Game Development Landscape

A game is built from an engine or framework, graphics and physics, audio and art assets, game logic and, for online games, a multiplayer back end, then published through a store. This hub groups the tools and standards for each layer, links to the XR, AI, language and infrastructure pages on this site, and lists learning resources. Entries are grouped by role, not ranked, and the list is not complete.

Game Engines

12 entries

General-purpose engines for 2D and 3D games, from commercial editors to open-source projects.

01UnityCross-platform engine and editor for 2D, 3D, mobile and XR games. 02Unreal EngineEpic Games engine for high-fidelity 3D games, film and real-time visualisation. 03Godot EngineOpen-source engine for 2D and 3D games with its own scene system and scripting. 04Open 3D Engine (O3DE)Open-source 3D engine developed under the Open 3D Foundation. 05StrideOpen-source C# engine for 2D, 3D and VR games. 06Flax Engine3D game engine with C#, C++ and visual scripting. 07DefoldLightweight cross-platform engine from the Defold Foundation, scripted in Lua. 08CocosEngine family for 2D and 3D games on mobile, web and desktop. 09GameMaker2D game engine and editor with its own GML scripting language. 10BevyData-driven, open-source game engine built in Rust around an entity-component-system. 11ConstructBrowser-based, visual 2D game builder. 12GDevelopNo-code 2D and 3D game maker built around event-based logic.

Game Frameworks & Libraries

6 entries

Code-first libraries for building games without a full editor.

13raylibSimple C library for learning and building games, with bindings for many languages. 14SDLCross-platform library for windowing, input, audio and graphics access. 15MonoGameOpen-source C# framework for 2D and 3D games on desktop, mobile and consoles. 16libGDXCross-platform Java game development framework. 17PygamePython modules for writing games, built on SDL. 18Ren'PyEngine for visual novels and story-driven games.

Web & Browser Games

6 entries

Engines and APIs for games that run in the browser.

19PhaserOpen-source HTML5 framework for 2D browser games. 20PlayCanvasWebGL and WebGPU engine with a cloud-based editor. 21Babylon.jsOpen-source web rendering and game engine. 22three.jsJavaScript library for 3D graphics in the browser. 23WebGLKhronos standard for hardware-accelerated 3D graphics in the browser. 24WebGPUW3C specification for modern GPU graphics and compute on the web.

Graphics APIs & Standards

5 entries

Low-level interfaces between game code and the GPU.

25VulkanKhronos cross-platform API for high-performance graphics and compute. 26OpenGLLong-standing cross-platform graphics API maintained by Khronos. 27MetalApple graphics and compute API for iOS, iPadOS, macOS and tvOS. 28Direct3D 12Microsoft low-level graphics API for Windows and Xbox. 29Khronos GroupIndustry consortium behind Vulkan, OpenGL, WebGL and glTF.

Physics, Audio & Art Tools

10 entries

Middleware and content tools used alongside an engine.

30Box2D2D physics engine used in many 2D games. 31Jolt PhysicsOpen-source 3D physics engine for games and VR. 32Bullet PhysicsOpen-source physics SDK with Python bindings, used for games and robotics. 33NVIDIA PhysXPhysics SDK from NVIDIA for real-time simulation. 34FMODAudio middleware for interactive sound and music. 35WwiseAudio middleware from Audiokinetic for interactive games. 36BlenderFree and open-source 3D modelling, animation and rendering suite. 37KritaFree and open-source digital painting application. 38AsepritePixel art and sprite animation editor. 39MixamoAdobe service for rigging and animating 3D characters.

Multiplayer & Backend Services

8 entries

Networking libraries, game servers and live-service back ends.

40SteamworksValve tools and services for publishing and supporting games on Steam. 41Epic Online ServicesEpic cross-platform services for accounts, matchmaking and voice. 42Microsoft PlayFabBack-end services for live games: player data, economy and multiplayer. 43NakamaOpen-source game server for accounts, social features and real-time multiplayer. 44PhotonNetworking engine and cloud services for multiplayer games. 45AgonesOpen-source dedicated game server hosting and scaling on Kubernetes. 46MirrorOpen-source networking library for Unity. 47ColyseusOpen-source multiplayer framework for Node.js.

AI, Reinforcement Learning & Simulation

2 entries

Machine learning for game agents, testing and procedural content.

48Unity ML-Agents ToolkitOpen-source toolkit for training agents in Unity environments. 49GymnasiumMaintained API and environment collection for reinforcement learning.

Publishing & Distribution

4 entries

Storefronts and publishing programmes.

50SteamValve PC games store and platform. 51itch.ioOpen marketplace for independent games. 52Epic Games StoreEpic Games PC games store. 53Apple App StoreApple distribution programme for iOS and iPadOS apps and games.

Learning, Docs & Community

8 entries

References, documentation, industry bodies and events.

54Game Programming PatternsFree online book on patterns used in game code. 55GameDev.netLong-running community for game developers. 56Unity LearnUnity tutorials, courses and learning pathways. 57Godot documentationOfficial Godot manual and class reference. 58Unreal Engine learningEpic Games tutorials and learning resources. 59IGDAInternational Game Developers Association, a professional body for game creators. 60Game Developers Conference (GDC)Annual professional conference for game developers. 61Game DeveloperTrade news and features on game development.

Related Pages on This Site

28 entries

XR and metaverse, AI and reinforcement learning, hardware, languages, infrastructure and testing pages that game developers use.

62Game Development Courses & CertificationsCourses and certifications for Unity, Unreal and game design. 63Virtual Reality (VR) SolutionsHeadsets, platforms and tools for virtual reality. 64Augmented Reality (AR) SolutionsPlatforms and SDKs for augmented reality. 65Mixed Reality (MR) SolutionsMixed reality devices and platforms. 66Extended Reality (XR) SolutionsDirectory covering VR, AR and MR together. 67Metaverse Technologies and ToolsTechnologies and tools behind virtual worlds. 68Reinforcement Learning GuideGuide from Markov decision processes to deep reinforcement learning. 69Reinforcement Learning AlgorithmsValue-based, policy-gradient and actor-critic methods explained. 70Swarm IntelligenceSwarm algorithms and frameworks, related to crowd and flocking behaviour. 71Generative AIModels, assistants, platforms and datasets for generative AI. 72NFT MarketplacesMarketplaces for art, gaming items and collectibles. 73CPU, GPU, TPU, NPU and Other Processors ExplainedWhat each processor type is built for. 74AI Chip ProvidersMakers of AI accelerators and chips. 75GPU Cloud ProvidersClouds that rent GPU capacity. 76Edge / Fog ComputingPlatforms for running workloads close to players and devices. 77CDN ProvidersContent delivery networks for game downloads and updates. 78KubernetesContainer orchestration, used for game server fleets with Agones. 79Mobile ComputingAndroid, iOS and cross-platform mobile development. 80Programming LanguagesC, C++, C#, Rust, Go and other languages used in game development. 81C Programming LanguageStandards, compilers and tools for C. 82Microsoft .NET ToolsComponent and control vendors for .NET and C# developers. 83PythonPython frameworks, libraries and IDEs. 84JavaJava resources, including libGDX-style development. 85Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)Editors and IDEs for writing game code. 86Software Design PatternsGang of Four and related patterns used in game code. 87Software TestingTesting tools and resources for software quality. 88Performance Testing ToolsLoad and performance testing for game back ends. 89Source Code RepositoriesGit hosting platforms for game projects.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a game engine?

Software that provides the core systems of a game, such as rendering, physics, audio, input and scene management, usually with an editor. Unity, Unreal Engine and Godot are well-known examples.

Which game engine should a beginner start with?

It depends on the kind of game and your language. Godot and Unity are common starting points for 2D and 3D games, GameMaker and Construct suit 2D, and Phaser suits browser games. Try the free tiers or open-source options and follow the official tutorials.

What is the difference between an engine and a framework?

An engine usually comes with an editor and many built-in systems. A framework or library, such as MonoGame, libGDX, raylib or SDL, gives you building blocks and leaves more of the structure to your code.

How are the tools on this page chosen and ordered?

They are grouped by role, such as engines, graphics APIs, physics and audio, multiplayer and publishing. They are not ranked, the list is not complete, and each entry links to the project or vendor, so check it for current licensing and pricing.