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Document Databases

Document databases: MongoDB, Couchbase, CouchDB, RavenDB, MongoDB-compatible engines and managed cloud services.

35 topics•5 categories•Updated October 2026

What Is a Document Database?

6 entries

A document database stores data as self-describing documents, usually JSON or a binary variant, so each record can have its own structure and nested fields. They map naturally to application objects, support flexible schemas and scale out horizontally. Descriptions below follow each vendor's or project's own pages and are not rankings; release facts come from GitHub.

01NoSQL DatabasesNoSQL databases hub, on this site. 02Key-Value DatabasesKey-value and document stores, on this site. 03NoSQL Databases on CloudsManaged NoSQL services, on this site. 04Multimodel Data PlatformsPlatforms that combine document, graph and relational models, on this site. 05DatabasesDatabase systems hub, on this site. 06Vector DatabasesVector stores for embeddings, on this site.

Document Databases

8 entries

Databases built around the document model.

07MongoDBMongoDB describes an intelligent data platform for the AI era with flexible, real-time data that scales across clouds; the server is released under the Server Side Public License, and MongoDB Atlas is its managed service. 08CouchbaseCouchbase describes an operational data platform with sub-millisecond performance and cloud-to-edge sync; its customer and performance claims are its own. 09Apache CouchDBApache describes a multi-primary syncing database with an HTTP and JSON API designed for reliability. 10RavenDBACID document database; GitHub lists 7.2.7 (20 October 2026) as the latest release. 11ArangoDBNative multi-model database for documents, graphs and key-values; the arangodb.com site returned 403 to automated checks, so the card links to GitHub. 12SurrealDBSurrealDB describes a multi-model database and agent memory layer; GitHub lists v3.3.5 (29 October 2026) as the latest release. 13RethinkDBOpen-source database for the realtime web; its latest GitHub release, v2.4.4, dates from December 2023, so check its activity. 14PouchDBJavaScript database that syncs with CouchDB; its latest GitHub release, 9.0.0, dates from June 2024.

MongoDB-Compatible and Open Alternatives

3 entries

Engines that speak the MongoDB wire protocol or API.

15DocumentDB (open source)Document database engine built on PostgreSQL, described as MongoDB-compatible; the microsoft/documentdb repository on GitHub lists v1.0-0 (19 October 2026). 16FerretDBOpen-source MongoDB alternative; its latest GitHub release, v2.7.0, dates from November 2025. 17Amazon DocumentDBAWS describes a serverless, fully managed, MongoDB API-compatible document database service.

Managed Cloud Document and NoSQL Services

5 entries

Cloud services that offer document or key-value models.

18MongoDB AtlasMongoDB describes its managed cloud database service built on the document model. 19Azure Cosmos DBMicrosoft describes a NoSQL and vector database for operational data. 20Google Cloud FirestoreGoogle documentation for Firestore, a document database for mobile, web and server development. 21Amazon DynamoDBAWS describes a fully managed, serverless, key-value NoSQL database for applications at any scale. 22ElasticsearchElastic describes a distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine that also stores JSON documents.

Guides and Reference Reading

13 entries

Explainers on document databases and data modeling.

23What is a document database? (MongoDB)MongoDB explainer on strengths, weaknesses and when to use document databases; vendor-authored. 24Document databases (AWS)AWS overview of document databases and their advantages. 25What is a document database? (Google Cloud)Google Cloud explainer on document databases. 26Data modeling in MongoDBMongoDB documentation on flexible schema design and its advantages over relational schemas. 27Server Side Public License (SSPL)The licence under which the MongoDB server is released. 28Relational Databases (SQL)PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, Oracle, SQL Server and distributed SQL. 29Database Performance TuningEXPLAIN, Query Store, monitoring, pooling and benchmarking tools. 30Database IndexingB-tree, GIN, BRIN, LSM and vector indexes with docs and tools. 31Database ReplicationNative replication, failover tools, multi-primary and cloud replication. 32Database ShardingVitess, Citus, MongoDB, Spanner and shard key design. 33Database TransactionsACID, isolation levels, MVCC, distributed transactions and sagas. 34Database Backup and RecoveryPITR, native backup tools, cloud backup, Kubernetes and DR planning. 35Database SecurityAccess control, encryption, auditing, masking and hardening for databases.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a document database?

A NoSQL database that stores data as JSON-like documents with flexible, nested structures. Each document can have different fields, which maps well to application objects.

How is a document database different from a relational database?

Relational databases use fixed schemas, tables and joins, while document databases store related data together in one document and allow schemas to evolve. Many document databases now also support transactions and SQL-like queries.

Which document database should I choose?

MongoDB is the most widely used and has the broadest ecosystem. Couchbase, CouchDB and RavenDB suit specific sync, edge or .NET needs, and managed services such as Amazon DocumentDB, Azure Cosmos DB and Firestore reduce operations work. Test your query patterns and consistency needs first.

What are MongoDB-compatible databases?

Engines that implement the MongoDB wire protocol or API, such as Amazon DocumentDB, FerretDB and the open-source DocumentDB engine built on PostgreSQL. Compatibility varies by feature, so check the operators and features your application uses.

Is MongoDB open source?

The MongoDB server source is available under the Server Side Public License, which MongoDB publishes. The SSPL is not an OSI-approved open-source licence, so review its terms before offering MongoDB as a service.

How current is this page?

Links and release facts were checked on 31 October 2026 from GitHub. The arangodb.com site returned 403 and the FerretDB site returned 404 to automated checks, so those cards link to GitHub. Vendor descriptions follow their own pages and are not rankings.