Digital Signatures: Web Resources and Links

A cryptographic value, made with a private key, that proves who signed data and that it has not been altered.

Electronic signature is the broad legal term; a digital signature is a specific cryptographic technique, often backed by a certificate.

For filings with government portals such as MCA and tax filing; DSCs come from licensed certifying authorities under the CCA.

Dead or outdated links were removed, redirects updated, and standards and current tools added.

The section 'Signature Standards & Regulation' lists X.509 (RFC 5280), Controller of Certifying Authorities, EU eIDAS Regulation, FIPS 204 (ML-DSA).

Links were checked in October 2026. Sites that block automated checks are kept and may need a manual click.