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Quantum Machine Learning (QML)

A curated library on where quantum computing meets machine learning — explainers, courses and tutorials, open-source frameworks, research papers, and news and community.

49 topics•6 categories•Updated October 2026

Explainers & Introductions

8 entries

Readable overviews of what QML is and where it may help.

Courses & Tutorials

6 entries

Hands-on ways to learn QML with real frameworks.

Frameworks & Libraries

8 entries

Open-source software for building QML models.

Research Papers

16 entries

Foundational and survey papers on quantum machine learning.

23Quantum Machine Learning (Biamonte et al., Nature)Widely cited review of quantum machine learning. 24Quantum Machine Learning (arXiv)Preprint of the Nature review by Biamonte et al. 25Entanglement-Based Machine Learning on a Quantum Computer (arXiv)Early experimental work on entanglement-based machine learning. 26Quantum Circuit Learning (arXiv)Framework for training parameterised quantum circuits. 27Classification with Quantum Neural Networks on Near-Term Processors (arXiv)Farhi and Neven on quantum classifiers for near-term devices. 28Circuit-Centric Quantum Classifiers (arXiv)Quantum classifier design based on circuit structure. 29An Artificial Neuron Implemented on an Actual Quantum Processor (arXiv)Tacchino et al. implement a perceptron on IBM hardware. 30PennyLane: Automatic Differentiation of Hybrid Quantum-Classical Computations (arXiv)The PennyLane paper on differentiable quantum programming. 31Supervised Quantum Machine Learning Models Are Kernel Methods (arXiv)Schuld on the kernel-method view of quantum models. 32Power of Data in Quantum Machine Learning (arXiv)Huang et al. on when data helps classical models match quantum ones. 33Training Deep Quantum Neural Networks (Nature Communications)Beer et al. on training deep quantum neural networks. 34Machine Learning Algorithms in Quantum Computing: A Survey (IEEE)Survey of machine learning algorithms in quantum computing. 35Quantum Machine Learning: Benefits and Practical Examples (CEUR)Frank Phillipson on practical QML examples. 36Machine Learning for Quantum Matter (Advances in Physics: X)Carrasquilla on machine learning applied to quantum matter. 37Generalization of Quantum Machine Learning Models (arXiv)Analysis of generalisation in QML models. 38Focus on Quantum Machine Learning (IOP)Journal focus collection on QML research.

News, Journals & Community

8 entries

Where to follow QML progress.

Related Pages

3 entries

Related directories on this site.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is quantum machine learning?

QML uses quantum circuits to process data inside machine learning models, for example as parameterised circuits trained with classical optimisers, or as quantum kernels for classification.

Does QML beat classical machine learning today?

Not on practical problems yet. Today's noisy devices are small, and research such as "Power of Data" shows classical models can match quantum ones in many cases, so QML is best seen as active research.

Which frameworks should I start with?

PennyLane and Qiskit Machine Learning are the most popular for tutorials, TensorFlow Quantum targets Keras workflows, and CUDA-Q suits GPU-accelerated hybrid simulation.

What are variational quantum circuits?

Parameterised quantum circuits whose parameters are tuned by a classical optimiser to minimise a loss function, forming the core of many near-term QML models.

Where can I find practical projects?

See the Top Quantum ML Projects page on this site for ten hands-on projects with datasets and algorithms.